Which of the following is NOT a defect associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect that comprises four specific anatomical abnormalities: pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of these four characteristics is crucial for diagnosing TOF.

Pulmonary valve stenosis refers to the narrowing of the outflow tract from the right ventricle, which restricts blood flow to the lungs. The ventricular septal defect is an opening in the septum that divides the heart's lower chambers, allowing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs as a result of the right ventricle working harder to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary outflow.

Coarctation of the aorta, however, is not included among the defects associated with TOF. Instead, it is a separate congenital heart condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, which affects blood flow but does not form part of the classic quartet of defects defined for TOF. This distinction is important for understanding and diagnosing conditions associated with congenital heart defects.