What are the primary neuropathological findings in Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s Disease is characterized by distinct neuropathological changes that primarily include neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and are indicative of intracellular disruptions in neuronal function. These tangles disrupt communication between neurons, leading to cell death.

Amyloid plaques, on the other hand, are formed by the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides outside the neurons. The buildup of these plaques can lead to inflammation and further neuronal damage, contributing to the cognitive decline seen in individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease. Together, these two findings—neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques—are considered hallmark features of the disease and are critical components of its pathology.

Other options such as white matter hyperintensities, chromosomal deletions, and ischemic strokes do not represent the primary neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s. While white matter hyperintensities can be found in older adults and may be associated with vascular dementia, they are not specific to Alzheimer’s Disease. Chromosomal deletions can lead to various genetic disorders but are not directly related to the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s. Ischemic strokes primarily involve blood flow disruption and can cause localized